Tamper-proof closure construction



United States Patent [72] Inventor William James Landen Cheshire, Conn.[21] Appl. No. 518,119 [22] Filed March 10, 1970 [45] Patented Dec. 15,1970 [73] Assignee Eyelet Specialty Company Wallinglord, Conn. acorporation of Delaware [54] TAMPER-PROOF CLOSURE CONSTRUCTION 27Claims, 9 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl. 215/9, 215/46, 215/40 [51] Int. Cl A6lj 1/00, 865d 55/02[50] Field olSearch 215/9, 46, 43, 40, 95

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,510,021 5/1970 Silver215/9 3,514,003 5/ 1970 Fitzgerald 215/9 Primary Examiner-George T. HallAttorney-Sandoe, Hopgood & Calimafde ABSTRACT: The inventioncontemplates selectively openable closure means that is tamper-proof, inthe sense that a correct sequence of two deliberate and independentmovements of different elements is necessary in order to achieve accessto the contents of the bottle or the like which is protected by theclosure.

The specific construction that is described involves a bottle with aneck having a locating circumferential bead and a reduced threaded end.A closure cap with a radially outward base flange is selectivelythreaded to the neck. A sleeve surrounds and overlaps the flange of cap(when closed) and the bead on the bottle neck, and the sleeveincludesradially inwardly projecting means in axially interferingrelation with both the bead and the flange, to normally block access tothe bottle merely by attempted unthreading of the cap. The sleeve isaxially shiftable and has such deforming cammed engagement with the neckduring such axial shift that one of the interfering relations is therebyrelieved, thus freeing the cap for unthreading removal.

mimmnm slam 3547295 INVENTOR M4 UAWUQMQ'AA/VMW TT RNEY TAMPER-PROOFCLOSURE CONSTRUCTION This invention relates to tamper-proof selectivelyopenable closure devices, as for closure of bottles containing liquid orsolid matter that might be injurious when in unauthorized hands.

With recent growth in the use of drugs, pills, and the like, each withits specific prescribed purpose for a particular member of a household,there has been a corresponding increase in the chances for unauthorizedaccess, .particularly access by small children. And it has becomeincreasingly difficult, if not impossible, to supervise children enoughto assure against their access to materials that cari be harmful tothem.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a tamper-prooffeature in containers for materials of the character indicated.

A specific object is to achieve the above-stated object with aconstruction in which a correct sequence of independent motions of twodifferent parts is a prerequisite for access to the contents of thecontainer.

Another object is to achieve the foregoing objects with a simpleconstruction, involving the addition of only one part, beyond thecontainer and its closure.

It is also an object to achieve the foregoing objects with aconstruction which lends itself optionally a to two-part use (meaning,the container and its closure alone) when the container is filled withharmless material, or b to use of one further part, coacting with thesaid two parts to provide the tamper-proof feature, when the containeris filled with material which may be harmful.

A still further object is to achieve the stated objects with aconstruction which lends itself to full automation, namely, to automatedfilling, to automated closure, and to automated assembly with thetamper-proof feature.

It is a general object to provide a tamper-proof closure which isbasically inexpensive and reliable and'which incorporated automaticreset of the tamper-proof feature, as a necessary consequence ofapplying the closure and driving it to closed position on the container.7

Other objects and various further features of novelty and invention willbe pointed out or will occur to those skilled in the art from a readingof the following specification in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings. In said drawings, which show, for illustrative purposes only,preferred forms of the invention:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view in elevation showing the neck end of abottle, to which closure means of the invention is applied and is shownpartly broken away and in longitudinal section;

FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are, respectively, similar views of each of the threeparts of the assembly of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are views similar to FIG. 1 to illustrate different partsrelationships; 7

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 2 to illustrate a modification;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an insert-forming part of thecombination of FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 2 to illustrate a further modification.

'Briefly stated, the invention contemplates selectively openable closuremeans that is tamper-proof, in the sense that a correct sequence of twodeliberate and independent movements of different elements is necessaryin order to achieve access to the contents of the bottle or thelikewhich is protected by the closure.

The specific construction that is described involves a bottle with aneck having a locating circumferential bead and a reduced threaded end.A closure cap with a radially outward base flange is selectivelythreaded to the neck. A sleeve surrounds and overlaps the flange of cap(when'closed) and the bead on the bottle neck, and the sleeve includesradially inwardly projecting means in axially interfering relation withboth the bead and the flange, to normally block access to the bottlemerely by attempted unthreading of the cap. The sleeve is axiallyshiftable and has such deforming cammed engagement with the neck duringsuch axial shift that one of the interfering relations is therebyrelieved, thus'freeing the cap for unthreading removal.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings, the invention is shown inapplication to a bottle 10, the open end of which has a projecting neck11 with a reduced threaded length 12. Bottle 10 may be of glass, metalor plastic, and may conveniently be of blow-molded polyvinylchloride.The neck construction is shown to include a substantially cylindricallength 13 in which a continuous circumferential bead 14 is formed; and aconvergent conical section 15 and radial shoulder 16 connect thecylindrical length 13 to the threaded end 12. The closure 17 for bottle10 is a cup-shaped cap internally threaded at 18 for engagement withthreads 12 and having a short radially outward flange 19 at its openend, which may be seated on the shoulder 16 when in closed position(FIG. 1); alternatively, the closed end of the cap 17 may be lined witha conventional pad (not shown) which may seat against the end of thebottle to determine the fully closed position. Cap 17 may be of anysuitable material, as for example of thermoset or thermoplasticmaterial, injection or compression molded; a polypropylene issatisfactory, and if desired, finger-grip flutings 20 or otherdecorative and functional formations may be provided in the exterior ofcap 17.

For many purposes, the described structure will be all that is needed,being a completely functional and effective bottle with screwcapclosure. However, in accordance with the invention, both these bottleand cap parts 10-17 have elements which cooperate with a third member orsleeve 21 whenever it is desired to add tamper-proofing as a feature ofthe closure.

The sleeve 21 is sufficiently elongated to overlap both the headed andflanged parts 14-19 of the neck 11 and cap 17, when the cap is in closedposition. Sleeve 21 includes radially inwardly extending means in axialinterfering relation with both the beaded and flanged parts 14-19, sothat if mere unthreading is attempted, the interferences via sleeve 21will frustrate the attempt. As shown, an inward bead or flange 22 is atthe lower end of a counterbore 23, for interference with the neck head14, and at its other end sleeve 21 includes a radially inward flange orabutment 24, for interference with the cap flange 19. The interferingedges of the sleeve and cap at 19- -24 are shown negatively raked orundercut, for positive axial locking, to effectively frustrate attemptedmere unthreading of cap 17. In view of certain transient resilientdeformations to which sleeve 21 is subjected, sleeve 21 must be of amaterial having reasonably good memory to restore to original or normalshape (FIG. 1, FIG. 3); sleeve 21 may thus suitably be injection-moldedof such plastic materials as acetyls, nylon, Noryl, and certain gradesof polypropylene. A rugged continuous radially outward flange 25 isshown at the base of sleeve 21, for finger-engagement and forreinforcement against yielding deformation of bead 23.

In accordance with the invention, the respective locales of axialinterference, at 19-24 and at 14-23, define limits of axial lost motionin the assembly of sleeve 21'to the neck 11 and cap 17. The extent ofthis lost motion, considered in its extreme for the case of the tightlycapped normal situation in FIG. 1, is designated X in FIG. 1, where fulloutlines delineate the upper sleeve position (interference at 14-23) andphantom outline 25' suggests the lower sleeve position (interference at19-24). The lost motion distance X is utilized to develop a cammedreaction between neck 11 and a deformable part of sleeve 21, whereby oneof the indicated axial interferences is relieved; in the form shown, itis the interference at 19-24 that is thus relieved, so that sleeve 21stays with the bottle 10 whenever the cap 17 is removed.

As shown, sleeve 21 is rendered deformable at its upper end by providingplural longitudinal slits or slots 26 at angularly spaced locations.Each such slit 26 extends a substantial fraction of the available lengthof the sleeve and terminates short of interfering with the necessarycircumferential retention function of flange 25; if desired, a circularbase or cutout 27 for each slit 26 may provide relief from stressconcentrations that might otherwise result from a too sharply definedbase end of each slit. The slits 26 are seen to define plural angularlyspaced fingers 28 extending upwardly from the region of flange 25, fouror five such fingers 28 being adequate for a construction in which thebore diameter at the lower end of sleeve 21 is in the order of one inch.The abutment flange 24 is thus provided as an inward lug, alike for theradially inner edge of the movable end of each finger 28. As indicated,the material of sleeve 21 is such as to provide memory of original shapeand to pennit resilient deformation. Preferably, such deformation isrelatively stiff in action, and the stiffness factor is'aided by thegenerally arcuate formation of each of the fingrs 28. Since theabutments 24 are at the most reduced end 'of sleeve 21, the fingers 28are there characterized by the shortest radius of their generallyarcuate shape, so that the predominant deformation which characterizescammed deflection of fingers 28 occurs at the extended larger-radiusregion 29.

B y forming cap flange 19 with a diameter D, (FIG. 2) which is less thanthe diameter D of the cylindrical neck portion 13 (FIG. 4), thedifference between these diameters can be utilizedto generate cammedoutward displacement of fingers 28, in.tl 1e course of shifting sleeve21 downwardly over the lost motion or sleeve-shift distance X. Thus, thesleeve bore may include a tapering section 30 for interference with theupper limit of the cylindrical neck surface 13, whereby further shifteddisplacement of sleeve 21 outwardly cams or spreads the fingers 28, torelieve the interference 19-24. Alternatively,,the tapering neck section15 may be so positioned with respect to an interfering radially inwardportion 30 of the sleeve bore as to effect the same result. In the formshown, smoother cam action is achieved by reacting both taperingsections 15-30 against each other in the course of the downward shift ofsleeve 21. It will be understood that the inherent resilience and memorycharacteristics of sleeve 21 are such that reaction at 15-30 willnormally urge these cam surfaces in their disengaging direction, i.e.,unless flange 25 is deliberately held down, sleeve 21 will normally beresiliently positioned at an elevated location, within the lost motionrange X.

In FIG. 1, the distance X, short of the available lost motiondisplacement X, suggests the lesser displacement needed for theindicated cam actuation, and the still lesser distance X" suggests themaximum tolerable axial spread between raked lips of abutments 19-24, inorder to assure such spread of fingers 28 as will enablecap-unthreading. Preferably, even though the indicated axial distanceshave the relation:

0001 NO CARD FOR THIS ILLUSTRATION. Athese distances are as close asfeasibleto each other, in order that even the finger-spreading functioncan be frustrated, should the cap 17 not be initially substantiallyfully secured, in seated relation against shoulder 16 (or otherwise).

FIG. 5 is useful to illustrate the relationship of the described partswhen sleeve 21 has been down-shifted to spread fingers 28 enough torelieve the interference 19-24. This figure also d icts a subsequentinstant of time when the cap 17 has been tin hreaded sufficiently toclear the interference and to permit s to the bottle upon completedunthreading of the cap. lt will be understood that when the cap clearsthe ends of fingers 28,;the inherent stiffly compliant nature of theirconstruction aiiii of their transient displacement is such as to returnthem to their normal unstressed positioning (FIG. 1).

i/IFLIG. 6 is useful to illustrate the total frustration which resultsfrom unauthorized tampering. Attempted mere cap uh threading has donenothing but positively lock the raked edges of abutment means 19-24, andthe cap has thus become firmly axially referenced to the bottle neck 11,via the 'sle'eve-to-neck interference 14-23.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a slight modification which is useful when thebottle 10 contains a liquid or a volatile material. In FIG. 7, the cap17' is internally recessed at 33, so that the er end of the threads18"may accommodate and retain an "f erted, resiliently suspended seal34. Seal 34 is shown to comprise a disc 35, such as a suitable compositeof cork and vinyl, bonded to a plate from which plural feet 37 have beenstruck up. The unstressed axial offset of feet 37 from the rest of plate36'should exceed the available axial extent of the recess 33, and thefeet 37 should be sufficiently compliant to provide a consistent axiallyloaded liquid-sealing engagement of seal disc 35 against the open end ofbottle 10, for all possi ble cap positions, as dictated by lost motionretention of sleeve 21. Thus, the plate 36 may be blanked from thinmetal, of suitable spring temper.

It will be seen that I have provided an improved tamperproof structuremeeting the stated objects. The structure requires but one part (thesleeve 21) beyond the two required for any normal container and itsclosure. This one part performs its functions in cooperation with boththe outer parts (11-17). The only way to gain access to the bottle is(I) to make sure that the stopper or cap 17 is sufficiently closed, (2)to grasp flange 25 to down-shift sleeve 21 and relieve the interference19-24, and then (3) to unthread the cap 17 while (at least initially)holding the relief of the interference 19 -24.

To reclose the container, threaded application of cap 17 to theprojecting portion of the neck threads 12 engages the bottom of flange19 to the top face or axial end of fingers 28, at a time when sleeve 21is referenced to neck 11 at the tapering sections 15-30. Further caprotation against the drag of sleeve 21 (at 15-30) drives fingers 28outwardly enough to permit escapement of flange 19, so that theretaining interferences 19-24 and 14-23 are reestablished. If desired anouter chamfer 38 at the base of flange 19 and an inner chamfer 39 at theupper end of abutment means 24 may be provided to facilitate the cammeddisplacement of fingers 28 upon reassembly of cap 17 to the sleeve 21and neck 11.

It has been generally indicated that the invention lends itself toautomated filling and capping. In such cases, plural bottles 10 standerect for automated filling, using conventional apparatus. Next,conventional apparatus is used for threaded application of the caps 17.Finally, if the tamper-proof feature is to be provided, sleeves 21 maybe automatically assembled, by bodily axial displacement over cap 17 andthe neck 11. In the course of such displacement, strong butnondestructive transient resistence is encountered when passing the beadinterference 14-23, and an outside chamfer 40 at the top of cap 17assures transient outward camming of fingers 28 over the handgripportion 20. The containers are then tamperproof and ready for shipment.

While the invention has been described in detail for the preferred formsshown, it will be understood that modifications may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. For example, theliquid-sealing of the closure cap of FIGS. 7 and 8 may be achieved bythe telescoping seal which characterizes the cap of FIG. 9. In FIG. 9,the cap 17" is made from the same basic cap mold as used for cap 17 ofFIG. 2, the only difference being the addition of a stud or the like tocreate a central opening or socket 41 in the closed end'of cap 17". Theopening 41 provides means whereby the enlarged end 41 of a stud on aliner or sealer plug 41 may be assembled by snap-detent action into theinterior of cap 17". The plug 42 is shown as generally'cup-shaped,having a closed end or base 43 to seat against the closed wall of cap17", and having an elongated cylindrical wall 44 for telescoping fitwithin the bore 45 (FIG. 4) in the neck or mouth of the bottle 10. Theliner-sealer plug 42 may be of injection-molded polyethylene having aslight interference fit, in the order of l to 5 mils, and preferably 3mils, in the bore 45; and of course wall 44 should be sufficientlyelongated, as shown, to permit sealing effectiveness within the range ofcap movement permitted by the sleeve 21. The inherent low-frictioncharacter of polyethylene means that the interference fit will notnoticeably interfere with manual operation of the closure, as alreadydescribed.

Iclaim:

1. Tamper-proof selectively openable closure means, comprising a bodyincluding a neck with an axial end opening to be selectively opened andclosed, said neck comprising a base portion characterized by a firstlength of substantially uniform cross section and a projecting endlength including a portion of inwardly converging cross section, aclosure member selectively engageable with said neck and having acircumferentially continuous radially outwardly projecting flangepositioned axially outwardly of said convergent portion when in positionclosing said opening, and a sleeve member axially shiftably carried bysaid neck, said neck and sleeve member including interengaging meanslimiting sleeve movement to a predetermined extent of longitudinal lostmotion, said sleeve including at its outer longitudinal end radiallyinwardly extending abutment means in longitudinal interference with saidflange, whereby access to said opening by attempted mere removal of saidclosure member is prevented by said longitudinal interference, saidabutment means and said convergent portion having coactingradially-outward camming engagement upon shifting said sleeve member'inthe direction toward said body and being operative within the range ofsaid lost motion to relieve said abutment means from said longitudinalinterference, whereby only upon the initial deliberate actuation of saidsleeve to relieve said interference can said closure member be freeenough for a further and different deliberate separating actuation ofsaid closure member to provide access to said opening.

2. Tamper-proof selectively openable closure means, comprising a bodyincluding a neck with an axial end opening to be selectively opened andclosed, said neck comprising a cylindrical base portion and a reducedthreaded end portion, a cap having threaded engagement with said endportion for selectively closing and gaining access to said opening, acontinuous radially outward flange on said cap, and a sleeve axiallyshiftably carried by said neck, said neck and sleeve includinginterengaging means limiting sleeve movement to a predetermined extentof longitudinal lost motion, said sleeve including a radially movableabutment element at a location of sleeve overlap with said flange whensaid cap is in closed position, said movable abutment element beingresiliently suspended with respect to the remainder of said sleeve andhaving a normal position in longitudinal interference with said flange,and cam means coacting between said movable abutment element and saidneck upon axially inward deliberate shifting of said sleeve to outwardlydisplace said abutment element out of interference alignment with saidflange, whereby upon such inward'displacement said cap may be removed byunthreading from said neck. I

3. Closure means according eo claim 2, wherein said flange and saidabutment element include interengageable under cut edges, whereby apositive lock is available to prevent tampering access in the absence ofan adequate axially inward shift of said sleeve.

4. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said abutment element isone of a plurality thereof, in angularly spaced relation about the axisof said sleeve. 7 1

5. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said sleeve is of stiffresiliently yieldable material and said abutment element is integrallyformed therewith,

6. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said sleeve islongitudinally slitted at angularly spaced locations to integrallydefine said movable abutment element therebetween.

7. Closure means according to claim 6, wherein said sleeve islongitudinally slitted at at least four equally angularly spacedlocations to define a corresponding plurality of angularly spacedabutments in longitudinal interferences relation with said flange.

8. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said cam means comprisesa tapering bore portion of said sleeve having interfering engagementwith a part of said neck during the course of inward shiftingdisplacement of said sleeve.

9. Closure means according to claim 8, wherein said sleeve islongitudinally slitted at the region of said tapering bore portion todefine a radially cammable sleeve portion, and wherein said abutment iscarried by said radially cammable sleeve portion.

10. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said cam means comprisesan inwardly convergent tapering portion of said neck between saidcylindrical. base portion and said threaded end portion, the part ofsaid sleeve which carries said abutment element having interferingengagement with said convergent tapering portion during the course ofinward shifting displacement of said sleeve.

11. Closure means according to claim 10, wherein said sleeve islongitudinally slitted at the region of the part which has saidlast-mentioned interfering engagement.

12. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein a portion of said capprojects beyond said sleeve for all possible positions of said sleeve.

13. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said interengaging meansdetermining said lost motion includes a circumferential bead on saidcylindrical base portion, and wherein said sleeve is of stifflyyieldable material having radially inward means interfering with saidbead, whereby sleeve assembly over said bead may be accomplished byaxially forcing the interference at said bead.

l4. Closure means according to claim 2, wherein said interengaging meansdetermining said lost motion includes a continuous radially inward beadnear the axially inner end of said sleeve, and wherein said sleeve is ofstiffly yieldable material, said cylindrical base portion includingradially outward means interfering with said bead, whereby sleeveassembly over said bead may be accomplished by axially forcing theinterference at said bead.

15. Closure means according to claim 14, wherein said movable abutmentelement is an integral part of said sleeve and wherein said sleeve inlongitudinally slitted to render said abutment element movable, saidbead being at a location axially inward of said slitted region of saidsleeve.

16. The combination of claim 2, in which said cap includes an axiallymovable seal element contained therein, and resilient means referencedto the bottom of said cap and urging said seal element in sealingrelation with the neck opening.

17. The combination of claim 16, in which the axial extent over whichsaid seal element is resiliently displaceable within said cap issufficient to maintain sealing engagement with the neck opening over therange of cap displacement permitted by the lost motion range of saidsleeve.

18. In combination, a bottle with a neck having a cylindrical baseportion with a circumferential outward bead, and a reduced threaded endprojecting beyond said base portion, a cap threadedly engageable withsaid threaded end and having a radially outward base flange of lesserdiametrical extent than the diameter of said cylindrical base portion,and a sleeve extending into surrounding overlap with said bead andflange when said cap is engaged to said neck, said sleeve includingradially inward means at each end thereof and in axial interference withsaid bead and flange respectively, said sleeve having plurallongitudinal slits at angularly spaced locations near one of the ends ofsaid sleeve, and cam means coacting between a part of said neck and partof the slitted region of the bore of said sleeve during an axiallyinward displacement of said sleeve to outwardly displace said sleeve atthe slitted region and thereby relieve the said axial interference atsaid one end of said sleeve, whereby said cap may be then disengaged byunthreading from said neck.

' 19. The combination of claim 18, wherein said slitted end is theaxially outer end, whereby cap removal is unaccompanied by removal ofsaid sleeve.

20. The combination of claim 18, in which said sleeve is of moldedplastic construction.

21. The combination of claim 2, in which said neck has a generallycylindrical bore near the open end thereof, and in which said capincludes an axially extending generally cylindrical surface having aliquid-sealing telescoped fit with said bore throughout the range of capmovement between its position fully threaded to said neck and itsposition limited by engagement with said sleeve.

22. The combination of claim 21, in which said generally cylindricalsurface is that of a plug element carried by the closed end of said cap.

23. The combination of claim 22, in which said plug element is separatefrom said cap and in'which said cap and said plug element includecoacting detent means for securing their assembled relation.

24. The combination of claim 2, in which said neck has a smoothlycylindrical surface adjacent the open end thereof, and in which said capincludes an axially extending generally "cylindrical surface having aliquid-sealing telescoped fit with said smoothly cylindrical surfacethroughout the range of cap movement between its position fully threadedto said neck and its position limited by engagement with said sleeve 25.In combination, a bottle with an open neck including a first smoothcylindrical surface near the open end and including external threads, acap threadedly engageable with said threads and including an interiormember with a second smoothly cylindrical surface having liquid-sealingtelescoped fit with said first surface, throughout a range of capmovement between its position fully threaded to said neck and abackedoff position axially removed therefrom, a sleeve overlapping partsof said cap and neck, said sleeve and neck and said sleeve and caphaving axially engaging means normally limiting cap movement betweensaid first and second positions, whereby said sleeve is axiallyshiftable when said cap is threaded to said first position, and wherebyregardless of the cap-threaded condition between said positions saidbottle has a liquid-sealed closure, said sleeve and neck having coactingmeans reacting to a sleeve shift and independently of cap rotation foreffectively disabling said axially engaging means, whereby in theoperated condition of said coacting means said cap may be fullyunthreaded to open the bottle.

26. The combination of claim 25, in which said smoothly cylindricalsurfaces are respectively the bore of said neck and a plug portion ofsaid cap. 1

27. In combination, a bottle with an open neck and including externalthreads, a cap threadedly engageable with said threads throughout arange of cap movement between its position fully threaded to said neckand a back-off position axially removed therefrom, a sleeve overlappingparts of said cap and neck, said sleeve and neck and said sleeve and caphaving axially engaging means normally limiting cap movement betweensaid first and second positions, whereby said sleeve is axiallyshiftable when said cap is threaded to said first position, said sleeveand neck having coacting means reacting to a sleeve shift andindependently of cap rotation for effectively disabling said axiallyengaging means, whereby in the operated condition of said coacting meanssaid cap may be fully unthreaded to open the bottle.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3,547295 December 15 197 William James Landen It is certified that errorappears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent arehereby corrected as shown below:

In the cover page, "[21] Appl. No. 518,119" should rea H [21] Appl. No.018,119 .Column 1, line 24, "a", inital should read H (a) in italics;line 26, "b", in italics, s read (b) in italics Column 3, line 48,cancel "0001 NO CARD FOR THIS ILLUSTRATION" and insert Z X X line"Athese" should read these Column 4, line 59, "plug 41" should read Mplug 42 Column 5, line 1, "e0" should read to 3 line 4, "interferences"should read interference Signed and sealed this 30th day of March 1971.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLE Attesting Officer Commissionerof Pa

